Skip to content

Public adjuster

Appraisal Demand Letter Template & Example

Last updated 2026-08-14

Appraisal resolves one question: the amount of the loss. It does not decide whether the loss is covered, and a demand made to resolve a coverage dispute invokes a process that cannot deliver what is wanted.

The clause is in the standard fire policy that several states enact verbatim into statute, which makes its text public and quotable. California's version sets the mechanics out plainly: on written demand of either party, each selects a competent and disinterested appraiser and notifies the other within 20 days; the appraisers select an umpire, and if they cannot agree within 15 days a judge selects one; the appraisers appraise the loss separately by item and submit their differences to the umpire; and an award in writing, itemized, of any two of the three determines the amount.

Two things make this a decision rather than a step. The award binds on amount, and each party pays its own appraiser plus half the umpire and appraisal expenses — so a demand made to apply pressure produces a binding number and a bill. The worked example demands appraisal on the Harbour Lane claim after the reconciliation stalled, and states plainly what is being left out of it.

Jurisdiction

Written primarily against US first-party property practice. Claim handling is regulated state by state — acknowledgment and response deadlines, prompt-payment requirements, adjuster licensing and unfair claims practices standards all differ — and the policy actually issued governs the claim. Where a page cites a statute, model act or regulation, confirm what applies in the state where the loss occurred. Outside the US, treat the structure as transferable and the legal references as not.

Appraisal Demand Letter template

Free Word download, no email required. Or open it in Professional Drafter — it lands in your template library, ready to draft against.

When to use this document

  • The parties agree the loss is covered and disagree only about the amount, which is the only dispute appraisal is built for.
  • Negotiation and re-inspection have run out, and the difference is large enough to justify a process with its own costs.
  • Never as a response to a denial or a coverage position — that is a different dispute and appraisal cannot resolve it.

Worked example

Fictional scenario: appraisal demanded on the Harbour Lane claim, PC-2026-11482, on 9 September 2026, after the reconciliation of 19 August produced a partial revision and three lines remained in dispute. Coverage is not in issue, and the demand says so.

The demand itself

9 September 2026

[Carrier], Property Claims

Attention:
R. Calloway
Re:
DEMAND FOR APPRAISAL
Insured:
Daniel Okonjo
Policy:
HO-4471902
Claim:
PC-2026-11482
Loss location:
41 Harbour Lane, [City]. Date of loss 14 July 2026.

On behalf of the insured, and pursuant to the appraisal provision of the policy, the insured demands appraisal of the amount of loss.

The provision reads: 'In case the insured and this company shall fail to agree as to the actual cash value or the amount of loss, either shall, on the written demand of either, select a competent and disinterested appraiser...'

The clause is quoted rather than referenced. A demand that cites 'the appraisal provision' without setting it out invites a reply asking which provision is meant, and that exchange costs a fortnight for nothing.

This letter is the written demand. The 20-day period for each party to select and notify an appraiser runs from today, 9 September 2026.

What is in dispute, and what is not

Following the reconciliation of 19 August 2026 and the re-inspection of 27 August, the carrier revised its estimate to $24,120 on 2 September. The insured's estimate remains $29,880.

Amount in dispute: $5,760.

Submitted to appraisal — three items, all matters of amount:

1. Line 11, lower cabinetry:
whether replacement of 14 LF is required or whether 6 LF plus refinishing is sufficient. A scope-and-amount question.
2. Line 22, drying duration:
4 days against 7.
3. Line 26, antimicrobial application area:
340 SF against 480 SF.

NOT submitted to appraisal, and expressly reserved:

— Coverage. The carrier has confirmed in writing on 2 September that the loss is covered and has raised no coverage defence. Nothing in this demand is to be read as submitting any coverage question to the appraisers.

— Causation of the concealed cavity damage discovered 15 September. That remains under separate consideration as a supplement and is not part of this appraisal.

— Any claim arising from the handling of the claim.

The exclusions are stated because appraisers who receive a coverage question either exceed their authority or stall, and both outcomes cost more than the paragraph that would have prevented them.

The insured's appraiser, and why it is not the public adjuster

The insured selects as appraiser: Ms Ruth Achebe, licensed general contractor, 22 years in restoration estimating, no prior involvement in this claim and no interest in its outcome. Contact details attached. Notified to the carrier by this letter, within the 20-day period.

Merrow Loss Consulting does not serve as the insured's appraiser and cannot. Our fee is a percentage of the amount recovered, which gives this firm a direct financial interest in the figure an appraiser is meant to determine impartially. The clause requires an appraiser who is competent AND disinterested, and a contingent fee defeats the second.

This is worth stating in the demand rather than leaving to be noticed. An award can be challenged on the disinterest of an appraiser, and a challenge that succeeds wastes the entire process. Firms do appoint themselves, and the practice survives because it is rarely tested — until it is.

We will assist Ms Achebe with documents and access. We will not instruct her on the figure.

The timetable, and the costs the insured has agreed to

Calculated from the demand of 9 September 2026:

— Each party to select an appraiser and notify the other by 29 September 2026 (20 days).

— The two appraisers to select an umpire. If they have not agreed within 15 days of both being named, either party may apply to a judge of a court of record to select one.

Both dates are diarised. Missing the 20 days concedes a procedural argument for nothing at all.

Costs, explained to the insured in writing on 5 September and agreed by him before this demand issued:

— The insured pays Ms Achebe. Estimated $2,200-$3,000 on this scope.

— The carrier pays its own appraiser.

— The umpire's fee and the expenses of appraisal are split equally. Estimated share $900-$1,500.

So the insured's likely outlay is $3,100-$4,500 to resolve $5,760 in dispute. That arithmetic was put to Mr Okonjo plainly, because it is close, and a client who learns it after the award has been badly served. He elected to proceed, principally because the cabinetry line also governs whether the supplement work can be completed as a single sequence.

Effect of the award: an award in writing, so itemized, agreed by any two of the three, determines the amount of actual cash value and of loss. It is binding on amount. It is not a further negotiation and there is no appeal on the merits of the figure.

Compellability and preconditions

Checked before the demand issued rather than assumed.

Declared disaster: no state of emergency or government-declared disaster applies to this loss, which was a single-property supply-line failure. Worth checking every time — California's provision, for example, allows appraisal to be REQUESTED in a declared disaster but provides it shall not be COMPELLED, which removes the assumption that a demand is self-executing exactly when the largest number of claims are in dispute.

Policy preconditions: the policy conditions the insured's right to bring suit on compliance with all policy requirements, and requires a sworn proof of loss within 60 days of the loss unless extended in writing. A sworn proof of loss was furnished on 8 August 2026 and acknowledged by the carrier on 11 August. Nothing outstanding.

Suit limitation: the policy bars action commenced more than 24 months after inception of the loss, which here is 14 July 2028. Recorded because appraisal does not toll a suit limitation unless the policy or the governing law says so, and an insured who spends eighteen months in appraisal on the assumption that it does can emerge with an award and no way to enforce it.

The insured has been advised in writing that he may wish to take legal advice on the limitation position. That is not advice this firm is licensed to give, and saying so is better than a sentence that reads like advice from someone who cannot give it.

Section-by-section guide

What each section is for, what a good one contains, and where they typically go wrong.

1.The demand itself

A written demand invoking the policy's appraisal provision, quoting the clause and identifying the policy and claim. Written is not a formality: the clause operates on written demand, and the timetable runs from it. Date it clearly, because the 20-day period for naming appraisers is counted from here.

2.What is in dispute, and what is not

State the amount in dispute and confine the demand to it. Then state expressly what is not submitted: coverage, causation where it is contested, and any claim for bad faith or extra-contractual relief. Appraisers determine the amount of loss; sending them a coverage question produces either an award that exceeds their authority or a stalled panel.

3.The insured's appraiser

Name the appraiser in the demand where possible. The requirement is competent and disinterested, and disinterested is the one that gets tested — a person paid a share of the outcome is not disinterested, and an award can be challenged on it. Note that in most engagements the public adjuster cannot serve as the insured's appraiser precisely because they hold a contingent interest in the amount.

4.The timetable this starts

Set out the sequence so nobody is surprised by it: each party names an appraiser and notifies the other within 20 days; the two appraisers select an umpire; if they cannot agree within 15 days, a judge selects one on application. Diarise both. A party that misses the 20 days has given the other side a procedural argument for nothing.

5.Costs, and what the award will do

State the cost allocation as the clause sets it: each party pays its own appraiser, and the two split the umpire and the expenses of appraisal equally. Then state the effect — an itemized written award agreed by any two of the three determines the amount of actual cash value and of loss. The insured should understand before the demand goes that they are buying a binding number, not a further negotiation.

6.Limits on compelling appraisal

Appraisal is not always compellable. California's provision states that in a government-declared disaster appraisal may be requested but shall not be compelled — a carve-out that exists precisely for the situations in which the most claims are in dispute at once. Check the position in the governing state before treating a demand as self-executing, and check whether the policy imposes any precondition such as a sworn proof of loss having been furnished.

Common mistakes

The failure modes that show up most often when this document is reviewed later.

Demanding appraisal to resolve a coverage dispute

Appraisal determines the amount of loss. A coverage question sent to appraisers produces either an award beyond their authority or a panel that cannot proceed, and either way the real dispute is untouched and the costs are incurred.

Appointing the public adjuster as the insured's appraiser

The clause requires an appraiser who is competent and disinterested. A contingent fee on the amount is a direct interest in the figure being determined, and an award can be challenged on it — which wastes the entire process rather than just the point.

Missing the 20-day period to name an appraiser

The period runs from the written demand. A party that misses it hands the other side a procedural argument at no cost to them, on a process the missing party asked for.

Assuming appraisal can always be compelled

Not universally true. California's provision expressly allows appraisal to be requested but not compelled in a government-declared disaster — the situation in which the most claims are simultaneously in dispute. Check the governing state before treating the demand as self-executing.

Not putting the cost arithmetic to the insured before demanding

Own appraiser plus half the umpire against the amount in dispute is sometimes a poor trade, and it is the insured's money and decision. A client who learns the figures after the award has a legitimate complaint.

Treating appraisal as tolling the suit limitation

It does not, unless the policy or governing law provides for it. The standard fire policy language bars suit commenced more than 24 months after inception of the loss, and an appraisal that runs long can consume that period.

Questions

Is the award binding?
On the amount, yes — an itemized written award agreed by any two of the three determines the actual cash value and the amount of loss. It does not determine coverage, and it does not resolve anything the parties expressly kept out of it.
Who pays for appraisal?
Each party pays its own appraiser, and the two split the umpire's fee and the expenses of appraisal equally. That allocation is in the clause itself, which is why it is worth quoting the clause rather than paraphrasing it.
Can the carrier demand appraisal?
Yes. The clause operates on the written demand of either party, and carriers use it. An insured who receives a demand faces the same 20-day period and the same cost exposure, and the same question about whether their appraiser is genuinely disinterested.
What if the appraisers cannot agree on an umpire?
If they have not agreed within 15 days, either party may apply to a judge of a court of record to select one. That is part of the clause, not a breakdown of it — build the possibility into the timetable rather than treating it as a failure.

The blank template

Exactly what is in the Word download, so you can see the structure before deciding whether you want it.

The demand itself

Policy number and claim number: [ ______________________ ]
Policy provision invoked: [Quote the clause]
Date of demand: [The 20-day clock runs from here]
[Written demand invoking the appraisal provision; policy and claim identification; the clause quoted; date]

What is in dispute, and what is not

Carrier's figure: [ ______________________ ]
Insured's figure: [ ______________________ ]
Amount in dispute: [ ______________________ ]
Expressly excluded from appraisal: [Coverage, contested causation, extra-contractual claims]
[Amount in dispute; items submitted to appraisal; what is expressly not submitted]

The insured's appraiser

Appraiser name and qualifications: [ ______________________ ]
Relationship to the insured: [Must be disinterested — no contingent interest in the amount]
Date notified to the other party: [Within 20 days of the demand]
[Appraiser named, with qualifications and confirmation of disinterest]

The timetable this starts

Appraisers to be named by: [ ______________________ ]
Umpire to be agreed by: [ ______________________ ]
If no agreement, application to court: [ ______________________ ]
[The timetable with dates calculated from the demand]

Costs, and what the award will do

[Cost allocation; effect of the award; confirmation the insured understands both]

Limits on compelling appraisal

[Whether appraisal is compellable here; any declared-disaster limitation; policy preconditions satisfied]

Download this template

Free Word download, no email required. Or open it in Professional Drafter — it lands in your template library, ready to draft against.

Sources

Related templates

This page is a documentation aid, not legal advice and not a coverage opinion. Claim-handling requirements vary by state and by policy wording, and a template cannot tell you what your file requires. The worked example describes a fictional loss.